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bramble shark
The bramble shark (''Echinorhinus brucus'') is one of the two species of sharks in the family Echinorhinidae. Aside from the eastern Pacific Ocean, it is found in tropical and temperate waters worldwide. This rarely encountered shark swims close to the bottom of the seafloor, typically at depths of , though it may enter much shallower water. The bramble shark has a stout body with two small dorsal fins positioned far back and no anal fin. It can be readily identified by the large, thorn-like dermal denticles scattered over its body, some of which may be fused together. It is purplish brown or black in color and grows up to long.
The diet of the bramble shark includes smaller sharks, bony fishes, and crabs, which this slow-moving species may capture via suction. It is aplacental viviparous, with females producing litters of 15–52 pups. Harmless to humans, it is an occasional bycatch of commercial and recreational fishers, and may be used for fishmeal and liver oil. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently lacks enough information to assess the conservation status of this species. However, its population has declined substantially in the northeastern Atlantic since the 18th and 19th centuries, likely because of overfishing.
==Taxonomy==
The original description of the bramble shark was authored by French naturalist Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre in the 1788 ''Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois regnes de la nature''. He named it ''Squalus brucus'', from the Greek ''brux'' or ''bruchios'' meaning "from the depths of the sea".〔〔 The type specimen has since been lost.〔 In 1816, Henri de Blainville created the genus ''Echinorhinus'' for this species.〔 Until the 1960s, specimens of the prickly shark (''E. cookei'') caught in the Pacific Ocean were misidentified as bramble sharks.〔 Other common names for this species are spinous shark and spiny shark.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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